inversion

noun12

1. •
   The action of inverting.
2. •
   The act of being in an inverted state; being upside down, inside out, or in a reverse sequence.
3. •
   The reversal of an interval; the move of one pitch in an interval up or down an octave.
4. •
   The position of a chord which has a note other than the root as its bass note.
5. •
   The flipping of a melody or contrapuntal line so that high notes become low and vice versa; the reversal of a pitch contour.
6. •
   A situation where air temperature increases with altitude (the ground being colder than the surrounding air).
7. •
   Deviation from standard word order, as for example by putting the predicate before the subject. It takes place in questions with auxiliary verbs; in normal, affirmative clauses beginning with a negative particle, for the purpose of emphasis; and in other rhetorical devices or unusual situations.

   • Question formation involves the phenomenon commonly known as subject-auxiliary inversion, a change in word order in which the auxiliary moves in front of the subject. — 2007
8. •
   A section of a roller coaster where passengers are temporarily turned upside down.
9. •
   A segment of DNA in the context of a chromosome that is reversed in orientation relative to a reference karyotype or genome.
10. •
    An operation on a group, analogous to negation.
11. •
    The catalytic action of invertase.
12. •
    (no longer used) Homosexuality, particularly in early psychoanalysis.

    • We can seldom, therefore, congratulate ourselves on the success of any "cure" of inversion. — 1897