decomposition

noun3

1. •
   The act of taking something apart, e.g. for analysis.

   • Speech decomposition into a periodic and a non-periodic part is a subject of considerable importance with applications in speech synthesis, […] — 2005
2. •
   A biological process through which organic material is reduced to e.g. compost.
3. •
   The splitting (of e.g. a matrix, an atom, or a compound) into constituent parts.