Slovenia UK /sləʊˈviː.ni.ə/US /sloʊˈvi.ni.ə/ noun1 •A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe. Official name: Republic of Slovenia. Capital and largest city: Ljubljana. Part of Yugoslavia until 1991.One of the "peasant nations" of the Habsburg empire, Slovenia emerged in 1918 from six centuries of Austrian rule as Yugoslavia's most westernized republic. — 1990