proctology /ˌpɹɒkˈtɒləd͡ʒɪ/ noun4 •The branch of medicine dealing with the pathology of the colon, rectum, and anus. •Colorectal surgery as a specialty inside proctology. •(old-fashioned) The branch of medicine dealing with the surgery of the colon, rectum, and anus. •The department or the building of the hospital or clinic.