precovery

noun2

1. •
   The use of previously gathered data (especially photographic images) to recover a recently discovered object (typically a small solar system body).

   • If you look for your new object after discovery, it's called "recovery". [...] if you find your new object in some old data that someone took before you discovered your object, it's called a "precovery".
   • Quaoar [...] is a Trans-Neptunian object orbiting the Sun in the Kuiper belt. It was discovered on June 4, 2002 by astronomers Chad Trujillo and Michael Brown at the California Institute of Technology [...] The earliest precovery turned out to be a May 25, 1954 plate from Palomar Observatory.
2. •
   (slang) The act of resting before a long night, weekend or season of binge drinking.