perigee

noun3

1. •
   The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is closest to the Earth: the periapsis of an Earth orbiter.
2. •
   The point, in an orbit about any planet, that is closest to the planet: the periapsis of any satellite.

   • Conjunctions of I and II [Io and Europa] occur when they are near perigee and apogee respectively; conjunctions of II and III [Europa and Ganymede] occur when II [Europa] is near perigee. — 1995
3. •
   The point, in any trajectory of an object in space, where it is closest to the Earth.