nosema noun3 •Nosema disease. •An infectious disease of adult honey bees caused by some microsporidian parasites of the genus Nosema.There were problems in my dad’s day: ants, skunks, wax moths and a couple of deadly but well-known bee diseases, like foulbrood and nosema. — 2007 •(informal, old-fashioned) Pébrine, a disease of silkworms, also caused by Nosema parasites.