Mesopotamia /mɛ.sə.pəˈteɪ.mɪ.ə/ noun3 •A geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man.Variously associated with qualities ranging from warding off evil to promoting fertility, the open hand of the hamsa is thought to have originated in Mesopotamia and is recognized the world over. — 2020 •A former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 116 to 117 AD and again from 198 to 637 AD. •A geographic region in northeast Argentina, between the Paraná and Uruguay rivers.