longitudinal UK /ˌlɒŋ.ɡɪˈtjuː.dɪ.nəl/US /ˌlɔn.dʒɪˈtu.dɪ.nəl/adjective 4noun 2forms 1 adjective4 •Running across a set direction of an object.The motion about the longitudinal axis of an airplane is called roll. •Running in the direction of the long axis of a body.The units have transverse seats, two and three astride the passageway with single or double longitudinal seats alongside the two entrance vestibules in each car. — 1960 •Of a study, sampling data over time rather than merely once.longitudinal studies •Relating to the geographical longitude.The longitudinal position of a ship refers to its angular distance east or west from the prime meridian. noun2 •Any longitudinal piece, as in shipbuilding etc. •A railway sleeper lying parallel with the rail. formslongitudinals