Krakow /ˈkɹækaʊ/ noun2 •A city on the Vistula River, the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland and the former capital (until 1596) of Poland as a whole. •Alternative (native Polish) spelling of Krakow: A city on the Vistula River, the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland and the former capital (until 1596) of Poland as a whole.