dative absolute

noun10

1. •
   an independent phrase in a sentence conveying additional circumstances in the dative case; present.
2. •
   in Old English
3. •
   it has been continued by Modern English but at some point became the nominative absolute
4. •
   in Old High German
5. •
   in Middle Dutch less frequently than the genitive absolute
6. •
   in Old Norse
7. •
   in Gothic
8. •
   in Old Church Slavonic
9. •
   in Old East Slavic and due to Old Church Slavonic influence in Russian as late as the 18th century
10. •
    in Lithuanian and Latvian