Damascus /dəˈmæskəs/noun 2phrases 1 noun2 •The capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE. •A governorate in Syria. Phrases with Damascus road to DamascusAn important point in someone's life where a great change, or reversal, of ideas or beliefs occurs.