Ottoman Empire UK /ˈɒtəmən ˈɛmpaɪə/US /ˈɑtəmən ˈɛmpaɪɹ/ noun1 •(historical) A large former Turkish empire which began as a sultanate centered in modern Turkey and at its height ruled over much of Southeastern Europe, West Asia and North Africa; founded in the late 13th century, it lasted until the 1920s.